Psy sim 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Psy sim 5 - Essay Example In other words, we conform to the behaviors and opinions of others present in the environment. The ambiguity and uncertainty about the nature of the stimuli are the main reasons behind subjects conforming to other people. Ans: The experimental design and the conditions created, that is the experimental and the control groups differed on the method of reporting results. The independent variable used in the study was the social pressure individuals experienced. It was found that the errors given in by the majority of people in the study influenced the perception of the right answer and the subjects gave in to social pressure. Hence they gave wrongs answers. Ans: informational social influence happens when there is no obvious correct answer to quantify the given question or situation. Therefore we look towards others for the information on the issue and in order to be right we get influenced by what they think. This finally leads to internalization. An example can be that in a restaurant we see how people are behaving and we behave in the same way. On the other hand, normative social influence happens when we accept what others’ perceptions are because we want to be accepted or liked by the group. This influence might also stem from a thought process designed to prevent embarrassment or a possible ridicule from the normative population they belong to. This finally leads to compliance. An example to illustrate is that teenagers start smoking because others in their peer group smoke. Ans: reactance is the desire for personal control. Burger (1987) defined reactance as an emotional reaction in direct contradiction to rules or regulations that threaten or eliminate specific behavioral freedoms. It can cause the individuals to adopt an attitude that is contrary to what others think and increases resistance to social influence. Ans: The thought processes involved the concepts of objects which led the mind to

THINKING HISTORICAL ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

THINKING HISTORICAL ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example Moreover, President Wilson’s decision was primarily motivated by the Germany’s resumption of submarine attacks on passengers and merchant ships in the year 1917. As a result of subsequent attacks on unarmed passenger ships by the German army, the united states was obliged to set certain terms and conditions that would prohibit this act. This treaty is called Sussex pledge. Violation of this agreement by the German government primarily motivated the United States’ entry in World War 1. The military leadership in Germany was however convinced that resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare would enable it to defeat the British within five months, thus they went forward and violated the pledge. However, this decision was conflicted by Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg. He claimed that violation of the pledge would motivate the American government Participate in the war on behalf of the Allies and he claimed that this would result in the German defeat in the war. Thus the common memory is reinforced since the violation of the pledge resulted in United States entry into the World War 1. The U.S. propaganda with the picture of a lady was meant to motivate women to contributed money that would sustain and give support to the army. It had the following writings on it â€Å"WOMEN OF AMERICA SAVE YOUR COUNTRY Buy WAR SAVINGS STAMPS.† This message was conveyed by the treasury department of United States America. Thus, propaganda uses a technique that appeals for emotion. The propaganda was however been successful since women were not involved in the war directly so they hard to support their country’s army financially. The technique employed by the propaganda appeals for emotion thus obliging women to support the country. The propaganda was successful due to the fact that the American army received support in varied form, varying from wheat to money while on the war front. War propaganda definitely played a significant role in World War 1 for most

Emergency Operations Essay Example for Free

Emergency Operations Essay Washington is situated in the Pacific Coast, Northeast of the United States. It lies in a geographical region endowed with rain forests though some parts are dominated by a semi desert. The Washington state has varied climatic conditions with the oceanic climate dominating the west and drier conditions in the east. The annual temperature range on average stands between 39-52? F. The Washington community is a big community accommodating residents from all walks of life engaged in various tools of trade. The community has been victim to various catastrophic disasters that have called for emergency responses in the past. Its high vulnerability nature to disasters therefore makes it the ideal case to illustrate an Emergency response plan (ERP) model. The disasters range from volcanoes, fires, tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, winter storms, nuclear explosions, acts of terrorism, collapse of buildings among others. This ERP intends to particularly address the entire range of natural, hybrid and man made disasters . The plan is geared towards eventually offering solutions for the hazards that might culminate to such any of the above mentioned types of disasters, and also highlight the components of an effective ERP that would be able to act to minimize the effects disasters where they can not be controlled A disaster can be briefly defined as a sudden calamitous event that occurs and leads to loss of lives, damage to property ,causes unexpected hardships and cannot be effectively contained by use of ordinary procedures and resources(Schneid Collins, 2000). Natural disasters are those that occur majorly because of acts of nature, they occur slowly and insidiously before they severely manifest outwardly. They might be predictable because some areas are prone to some particular disasters but little can be done to control their occurrence. Examples of such disasters in the Washington Community include tornadoes, wind storms, ice storms among others. Man made disasters are those whose occurrence has entirely been induced by man in his daily activities. Hybrid disasters on the other hand are triggered by a combination or rather both natural and human actions such as deforestation that are current resulting to the current situation of global warming and subsequently affecting sea levels of cities on the coastal lines leading to floods. The effects of the disasters are severe broad and of a great magnitude ranging from losses of billions of dollars to damage that can not be quantified such as human life and also creating scenarios that need evacuations, widespread searches, casualties and rescue operations. Thus the solution lies in putting in place early warning and preparedness mechanisms in form of an Emergency response plan that will ensure that the community is adequately prepared to response in the occurrence of the disaster notwithstanding its type. Emergency Response Plan framework: Washington state community The very fist step in disaster preparedness and therefore formulation of an ERP is to identify the potential risks, evaluating the probability of those risks actually occurring and then assessing the probable damage and gauging the community’s vulnerability to the disaster (Lindell et al, 2001). The ERP needs to be a document compiled in agreement by all the stakeholders that are critical in the community’s disaster preparedness programmes. The plan needs to entail comprehensive risk analysis and valid risk predictions based on research and also include well thought early warning and disaster monitoring systems. The mandates and responsibilities of each stakeholder in the emergency response structure also need to be clearly indicated. The framework will need to entail models and plans for training disaster responders and rescue teams, together with all the personnel that come in handy at the onset of disasters from the various service providers in the community. Methodologies of risk communication, information dissemination and community awareness creation will also be encompassed. The intention is to help the ordinary community member personalize the risk and equip him with the right attitude, knowledge, and skills for self protection at the onset of a disaster. This should be done periodically to ensure the community accepts, retains and processes the information therefore becoming capable of acting in time of emergency. The community including the responders can carrying out mock drills and exercises to help them understand better the emergency scenarios and the whole concepts of emergency response. Additionally the community can be equipped with basic resources that will come in handy in the onset of the disasters. Indications of stock piling in the document are also critical to ensure that the necessary material resources and equipment will be available. Advance agreements therefore need to be made with the appropriate response suppliers in this regard (Eshghi Larson, 2008). In addition preparations for activating emergency reception programmes need to be put in place. The framework needs to as well include mechanisms geared towards tackling both the natural, manmade and hybrid disasters root causes. In conclusion early warning, response facilities and communication systems are invaluable assets all of which must be addressed in any ERP framework. Reference List Department of Homeland Security. (2004). National Response Plan (NRP) Course Summary (ISO 800). Retrieved on July 15, 2009, http://www. wnysmart. org/references/NRP summary. pdf Eshghi K, Larson, R. (2008). Journal of Disaster Prevention and Management, 17(1), 62. Retrieved from Proquest on July 15, 2009. Lindell K. (2001). Facing the unexpected:disaster preparedness and response in the United States. Washington,DC: Joseph Henry Press, p121-124 Schneid, T. Collins L. (2000). Disaster management and preparedness. U. S: CRC Press, p 2-3

The insurance sector in india

The insurance sector in india INTRODUCTION INSURANCE SECTOR IN INDIA The Insurance sector in India governed by Insurance Act, 1938, the Life Insurance Corporation Act, 1956 and General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Act, 1972, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) Act, 1999 and other related Acts. With such a large population and the untapped market area of this population Insurance happens to be a very big opportunity in India. Today it stands as a business growing at the rate of 15-20 per cent annually. Together with banking services, it adds about 7 per cent to the countrys GDP .In spite of all this growth the statistics of the penetration of the insurance in the country is very poor. Nearly 80% of Indian populations are without Life insurance cover and the Health insurance. This is an indicator that growth potential for the insurance sector is immense in India. It was due to this immense growth that the regulations were introduced in the insurance sector and in continuation Malhotra Committee was constituted by the government in 1993 to examine the various aspects of the industry. The key element of the reform process was Participation of overseas insurance companies with 26% capital. Creating a more efficient and competitive financial system suitable for the requirements of the economy was the main idea behind this reform. Since then the insurance industry has gone through many sea changes .The competition LIC started facing from these companies were threatening to the existence of LIC .since the liberalization of the industry the insurance industry has never looked back and today stand as the one of the most competitive and exploring industry in India. The entry of the private players and the increased use of the new distribution are in the limelight today. The use of new distribution techniques and the IT tools has increased the scope of the industry in the longer run. PRESENT SCENARIO OF INSURANCE INDUSTRY India with about 200 million middle class household shows a huge untapped potential for players in the insurance industry. Saturation of markets in many developed economies has made the Indian market even more attractive for global insurance majors. The insurance sector in India has come to a position of very high potential and competitiveness in the market. Indians, have always seen life insurance as a tax saving device, are now suddenly turning to the private sector that are providing them new products and variety for their choice. Consumers remain the most important centre of the insurance sector. After the entry of the foreign players the industry is seeing a lot of competition and thus improvement of the customer service in the industry. Computerization of operations and updating of technology has become imperative in the current scenario. Foreign players are bringing in international best practices in service through use of latest technologies The insurance agents still remain the main source through which insurance products are sold. The concept is very well established in the country like India but still the increasing use of other sources is imperative. At present the distribution channels that are available in the market are listed below. Direct selling  · Corporate agents  · Group selling  · Brokers and cooperative societies  · Banc assurance  · Customers have tremendous choice from a large variety of products from pure term (risk) insurance to unit-linked investment products. Customers are offered unbundled products with a variety of benefits as riders from which they can choose. More customers are buying products and services based on their true needs and not just traditional money back policies, which is not considered very appropriate for long-term protection and savings. There is lots of saving and investment plans in the market. However, there are still some key new products yet to be introduced e.g. health products. The rural consumer is now exhibiting an increasing propensity for insurance products. A research conducted exhibited that the rural consumers are willing to dole out anything between Rs 3,500 and Rs 2,900 as premium each year. In the insurance, the awareness level for life insurance is the highest in rural India, but the consumers are also aware about motor, accidents and cattle insurance. PLAYERS OF INSURANCE COMPANIES IN INDIAN MARKET LIFE INSURANCE COORPORATION OF INDIA ICICI PRUDENTIAL BIRLA SUN LIFE BAJAJ ALLIANZ SBI LIFE INSURANCE HDFC STANDARD TATA AIG MAX NEW YORK AVIVA OM KOTAK MAHINDRA ING VYSYA MET LIFE MEANING OF QUALITY SERVICE: (Quality of Service) Consistent performance. Certain network services need to be delivered at a certain minimum performance level to be useable for example, a video or audio clip will stutter and break up if the bandwidth is inadequate. QoS refers to a network systems ability to sustain a given service at or above its required minimum performance level. Short for Quality of Service, a networking term that specifies a guaranteed throughput level. One of the biggest advantages of ATM over competing technologies such as Frame Relay and Fast Ethernet, is that it supports QoS levels. This allows ATM providers to guarantee to their customers that end-to-end latency will not exceed a specified level. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Studies on life insurance consumption dates back to Heubner (1942) who postulated that human life value has certain qualitative aspects that gives rise to its economic value. But his idea was normative in nature as it suggested how much life insurance to be purchased and not what will be purchased. There were no guidelines regarding the kind of life policies to be selected depending upon the consumers capacity and the amount of risk to be carried in the product.The ongoing discussion also reveals that individuals current income and future anticipated consumption expenditure plays a crucial role in determining the amount of insurance purchased (we are, for a while ignoring the form in which insurance is purchased). The importance of rate of interest or the impatience factor is also worth considering. Preferences over different consumption pattern vary from person to person and there are qualitative factors which affects such preferences. Using the expected utility framework in a continuous time model, Yaari (1965) studied the problem of uncertain lifetime and life insurance. Including the risk of dying in life cycle model, he showed conceptually that an individual increases expected lifetime utility by purchasing fair annuities. Simple models of insurance demand were proposed by Pratt (1964), Mossin (1969), Smith (1968) and others; considering a risk adverse decision maker with an initial wealth. The results indicate that demand for life insurance varies inversely with the wealth of the individuals. Hakansson (1969) used a discrete-time model of demand for financial assets and life insurance purchase in particular to examine bequest motive in considerable detail. Headen and Lee (1974) studied the effects of short run financial market behavior and consumer expectations on purchase of ordinary life insurance and developed structural determinants of life insurance demand. They considered three different sets of variables: first, variables stimulating demand as a result of insurer efforts (e.g. industry advertising expenditure, size of the sales force, new products and policies, etc.); second, variables affecting household saving decision (e.g. disposable, permanent and transitory income, expenditure expectation, number of births, marriages, etc.) and lastly, variables determining ability to pay and size of potential markets (e.g. net savings by households, financial assets, and consumer expectation regarding future economic condition). They concluded that life insurance demand is inelastic and positively affected by change in consumer sentiments; interest rates playing a role in the short run as well as in the long run. Pissarides (1980) further extending Yaaris work proved that life insurance was theoretically capable of absorbing all fluctuations in lifetime income. Lewis (1989) found out that the number of dependents as an influence on the demand for life insurance. To sum up, the theoretical review yields macroeconomic variables like income, rate of interest, and accumulated savings in wealth form; along with a set of demographic or social variables having potential impact on an individuals decision to opt for or not to demand insurance. Life insurance consumption increases with the breadwinners probability of death, the present level of familys consumption and the degree of risk aversion. OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH To find that which factors people keep in their mind sat the time of getting any insurance policy. TO know the service quality of insurance companies in Jalandhar city To know the perception of customers regarding insurance service in Jalandhar city. RESEARCH METHODOLGY Research is the systematic and objective identification, collection, analysis, dissemination and use of information for the purpose of improving decision making related to the identification and solution of problems and opportunities in making. RESEARCH DESIGN- DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH FOR my study I have choose descriptive research design because in my study I have to know the effect of motivational forces. In this I have describe the effect of motivational forces. DATA SMPLING Data extent- Jalandhar (Punjab) Sample size-60 Sampling technique-Stratified sampling DATA COLLECTION PRIMARY DATA- Questionnaire SECONDARY DATA- Journals, magazine, newspaper. For my project, I have decided on primary data collection method by filling up the questionnaire from customers residing in jalandhar city I also followed secondary data collection method using various websites, journals and magazines for collecting information under my term paper project. LIMITATIONS Research was limited to Jalandhar city only. Some of the respondents were not ready to give proper response feeling risky to feel the questionnaire. Some of them were feeling unsecured by filling up the questionnaire. Most of the people were not aware of the importance of life insurance service in their life. They are not aware how useful life insurance can be for their family members if something happens to them. They are of the view that Insurance policies do not give good results They are not aware of modern unit linked insurance plans .they are still under the perception that if they take insurance they will get only 5-6%returns which in not true now days. People are still today not aware of the earning opportunity that an insurance service provides. FINDINGS LIC is the best service provider as compared to other insurance companies. Maximum of the respondents are not aware of benefits provided by insurance policies. Most of the people give more importance to life insurance policies as compared to other insurance policies. People think public insurance companies provide more security than private ones now days. Most of the people are also of the view that services provide by public insurance companies are better than private companies that is why most of them get insured their self and their family in public insurance company now days.

Queen Liliuokalani Essay -- Liliuokalani Hawaii Polynesian

Queen Lili'uokalani had ambitious plans for the nation of Hawaii, and wanted to see the rightful power of the monarch restored. Even though she was doing what she thought was best for the people of Hawaii, her dream was never meant to be. She would become known as the last queen ever to reign over the Hawaiian Islands. In the beginning, Hawaii was unknown to any humans. Polynesians eventually came across its islands, and decided to make it their home. In the early days, each island was ruled by a chief, and many times the islands were in conflict with each other. Centuries like this passed, but then "in 1782, [Queen Lili'uokalani's] cousin Kamehameha set out to conquer and unite the islands". Thirteen years later, in 1795, Kamehameha finally fulfilled his vision of a unified Hawaiian state, and he became king. The nation was then to be ruled by Kamehameha's sons. (Guzzetti 10) Queen Lili'uokalani's biological parents were Chief Kapaakea and Chiefess Keohokalole. Because it is a Hawaiian custom to give children to other couples for raising, as the Hawaiians believed it brought different families closer together, Lili'uokalani was given to Paki and Konia. She attended the Royal School, where she met many people, some who became friends, and some who she had already been acquainted with, such as her foster sister, and her biological brother, who would eventually be her predecessor, King Kalakaua. (Guzzetti 10, 12, 28) The Royal School was a new experience for her. At home, she was used to walking around barefoot and wearing as little as possible to keep cool in the warm Hawaiian climate. Because the school was administered by the Cookes, who were missionaries from New England, she had to wear western clothing, meaning she ha... ...illed and Lili'uokalani began to have more patriot feelings for the United States, instead of resentment. She even had the flag of the United States flown over her home, and the Hawaiian one lowered. 1917 Not much later, Lili'uokalani died at the age of seventy-nine. Works Cited Daws, Gavan. The Illustrated Atlas of Hawaii. Honolulu: Island Heritage, 1970. Day, A. Grove. Hawaii: Fiftieth Star. New York: Meredith Press, 1969. Day, A. Grove. Hawaii and Its People. New York: Meredith Press, 1968. Day, A. Grove and Ralph S. Kuykendall. Hawaii: A History. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1961. Guzzetti, Paula. The Last Hawaiian Queen: Liliuokalani. New York: Benchmark Books, 1997. Pratt, Julius W. Expansionists of 1898. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1964. Tabrah, Ruth M. Hawaii: A Bicentennial History. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1980.

Exit to Freedom by Calvin Johnson Essay example -- Calvin Johnson

During the summer of 1984, Calvin Johnson trudges knee deep through a swamp in the wetlands of South Georgia. As snakes brush past his legs, he marches in line with nine other men, each dressed in an orange jumpsuit, swinging a razor sharp bush axe in collective rhythm. His crew entered the swamp at dawn and they will not leave until dusk. Guards, armed with shotguns, and equally violent tempers, ignore the fact that the temperature has risen well above 100 degrees and push the men even harder. Suddenly, an orange blur falls to the ground and a prisoner from Wayne Correctional Institution lies face down in the swampy floor. As guards bark orders at the unconscious, dying man, Johnson realizes "the truth of the situation, and the force of injustice just incapacitates" him. It is then he decides he does not belong in the swamp. Calvin Johnson (along with co-writer Greg Hampikian) begins his memoir, Exit to Freedom (The University of Georgia Press; 2003), with this inhumane description of prison life. He finds himself in this situation one year after being wrongfully convicted of raping a woman in Clayton, GA. His story, the self proclaimed â€Å"only firsthand account of a wrongful conviction overturned by DNA evidence," soon leaves the swamp and takes the reader inside the prison itself. The â€Å"code of prison etiquette† is related through adages such as â€Å"never to get between fighting dogs† and â€Å"only dead men broke up fights, and only snitches talked to guards.† These jailhouse proverbs are backed up by anecdotes of brutal fights, broken prison rules, and punishments, such as a transgressor who is brutally stabbed in his sleep. Characters such as Lefty, a prisoner who signals a fight by removing his glass eye and placing it on the sink,... ...the reasoning behind it soon becomes apparent. As Johnson talks more and more about his gradual distancing from God, I realize that I am being set up for a miracle. I was a little taken back when I realized that the entire book is a Christian testimony, following the familiar pattern: man experiences trials, man denies God, man finds God. The focus on spirituality overshadows the cold case study and hard facts on DNA evidence that the reader expects. Even so, the sheer power of Johnson's story overcomes the narrative flaws and keeps the reader interested throughout. Plus, the sincerity of his Christian beliefs adds a completely different level to his compelling story. It becomes an account of a man, not just finding truth in the legal system, but also discovering a spiritual truth which guides him out of the darkness of captivity, freeing him mind, body, and soul.

Agree or Disagree: Was the Us Civil War the 2nd American Revolution Essay

The United States Civil War was the second American Revolution. Both wars’ focal point was to acquire freedom from their oppressive governments. The Civil War and the American Revolution possess similarities. Such as they had not many men, not that much money, and not that much firepower; but they still fought for independence. The American Revolution or the American Revolutionary War, some may call it, was started from a decade-long growing tension between Great Britain’s 13 North American colonies and the British government. The British government was trying to raise revenue by taxing the colonists using bills including: the Stamp Act, Townshend Tariffs, Tea Act, etc. Using the Stamp Act, the government tried to reduce some of their enormous debt. Stamp Act was passed and it required that every legal document be written on stamped paper showing proof of payment. In response the colonists organized the Stamp Act Congress to voice their disagreement to the bill. Another bill they passed was the Quartering Act, which in a nutshell required colonist to house British soldiers. The British government used this bill because of the increased defense cost in America and they felt that the colonist should help with the financial burden of housing and feeding the soldier since they helped them during the war. Plus they wanted to show who the boss was. In response to this, the colonists in New York argued that the bill was unfair and that they should be asked and not told what to do, so Parliament passed the New York Restraining Act, which stopped the passing of any laws until the assembly went over the law. The soldiers were forced to pitch tents in the middle of Boston Common, making the colonist not that excited either. The British government was now known for passing insane laws, but when the government passed the Coercive Acts the colonists had enough. The Coercive Acts were also known as the Intolerable Acts. They closed the port of Boston to trade except for food and firewood until the colonists paid for the tea they destroyed at the Boston Tea Party with the Boston Port Act. It created British military rule in Massachusetts and made town meetings forbidden without approval with the Massachusetts Government Act. It gave protection to British officials being prosecuted in Massachusetts and allowed them to be prosecuted in England or any other colony that wasn’t Massachusetts with the Administration of Justice Act. The bill renewed the Quartering Act and gave the French in Quebec control of the Ohio Valley and made the Roman Catholic Church the official church of the area with the Quebec Act. In Lexington and Concord British troops and the colonies’ militiamen were getting into scuffles and that was how to armed conflict started. In response to this the colonists created an event known as the First Continental Congress in 1774. At this event all colonies, excluding Georgia, sent representatives to the First Continental Congress making it the first national meeting of the colonies. They came together in opposition with the bills the British government was passing so they issued two new documents. The Declaration of Rights, which opposed Parliament’s right to tax the colonies, but affirmed allegiance to the British, and the Articles of Association, which asked the colonies to make British imports illegal if the Coercive Acts were not eliminated. It took three major battles to lead up to the signing of the Declaration of Independence, the Battle of Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill. The Declaration declared the colonies independent from Great Britain. The American Revolution ended with the Treaty of Paris, but now before another three more major battles. The American Civil War was sparked by difficulties in the spreading of power and who was more powerful, the state or federal authority. The North, at the time, was industrialized and running smoothly, while the South was more agricultural. The North had factories, while the South had farms. The South was dependent on slave labor; it was their root to running their economy. The North didn’t want slavery to spread across the rest of the lands and the South was in fear that their economy would essentially fail without slave labor. So in 1854 the United States Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which opened all the new territories to slavery, but allowed them to choose whether they wanted slavery or not, this was called popular sovereignty. Both sides, anti-slavery and pro-slavery were in disagreement with this new law, which led up to the formation of the Republican Party. The Republican Party was a new political group based on the opposition of the expansion of slavery to western lands. The Dred Scott case confirmed the North’s worse fears, and confirmed the South’s dreams. The Dred Scott v. Sanford case took place in Missouri. Scott argued that because he lived in the free state he would therefore have emancipation from his owner. Unfortunately his case brought to a rabid supporter of slavery, Chief Justice Roger B. Taney who disagreed. The court claimed that no African Americans, free or enslaved, could become a legal U.S. citizen, hence not being able to file a petition for freedom. This case made rising tension between the North and South climb to new heights. So when an abolitionist named John Brown and a few of his supporters raided Harper’s Ferry in 1859 the South was convinced that the North was fixed on the destruction of slavery. John Brown had hopes that the local slaves would join in and raid with him and his supporters, but they didn’t. Brown’s plan was foiled when he and his supporters were captured by Colonel Robert E. Lee’s US Marines. He was sent to court, charged with treason, and was given the death sentences. Brown was hanged for his ‘crimes’ on December 2nd, 1859. The South was looking for reason to leave their polar opposites. So when Abraham Lincoln was elected to presidency it was the last straw for the seven southern states and the seceded from the United States. Lincoln’s election led to danger for Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. April 12th, 1861 Lincoln sent a fleet to deliver supplies to Sumter, during their visit the Confederate Army fired the first shots of the event that came to be known as the Civil War. After just two days of gunfire, Sumter commander Major Robert Anderson surrendered, leaving Sumter in the control of Confederate forces; who were led by Pierre G.T. Beauregard. After Sumter, four more Southern states, including: Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee, joined the Confederate Army. The North had advantages, like an enormous population and factories to build weapon supplies in, and railroads. The South had military traditions and some of the best soldiers, but even they couldn’t surpass the North in numbers and supplies. The next major battle took place in Manassas, Virginia. This battle was known as the First Battle of Bull Run. General McDowell led 28,000 men from the Union Army in a fight against General Beauregard’s 33,000 Confederate soldiers. The Union Army marched toward Richmond, but was met by the Confederate forces emerging north from Manassas. The battle lasted five hours. During that five hours the Union soldiers had most of the Confederate soldiers retreating, except the team led by General Jackson. Jackson had a great ability holding his ground, which is why people had come to call him â€Å"Stonewall.† His technique helped the Confederate soldiers hold up until reinforcements arrived, then they were able to drive the Union Army back to Washington. Both sides faced heavy casualties, but in the end the South claimed victory. The next battle was led by General B. McClellan. McClellan was slow to advance and that angered Lincoln. Finally McClellan led the Potomac Army to the peninsula between the York and James Rivers and captured Yorktown on May 4. Robert E. Lee and General Jackson joined forces and drove out the Potomac Army in the Seven Days’ Battle, which lasted from June 25th, 1862 to July 1st, 1862. During the battle McClellan called for reinforcements twice, the second time Lincoln refused and instead withdrew the Army to Washington. Soon after the battle McClellan was replaced by Henry W. Halleck. There were a lot of battles after this one, but the war ended with Lincoln passing the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing all slaves, and his assassination on April 14th. Some similarities within the two wars were the leaders involved with the wars. The leaders tended to be former soldiers who were dedicated to their jobs, they were focused, and most of them possessed a useful skill that helped them win. Another similarity between the two wars would have to be the cause of war. Both of the wars were the response to an oppressive government and the problem of setting boundaries between people and government. Both wars were always on American land and Americans fought other Americans. Although the wars were fairly short they ended with unity. Some differences within between the two wars would be the parties included in the wars. The American Revolution was the colonists versus the British government, while the Civil War was the North versus the South. The Civil War had far more advanced weaponry, while the American Revolution had close range fighting equipment, more medieval. Overall the statement that the Civil War was the second American Revolution is completely true. They had common factors that contributed to the spark of the wars and they both ended in a common unity between all the participants. Works Cited â€Å"American Civil War à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  History.com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts.† History.com à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  History Made Every Day à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  American & World History. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Battle of Bull Run or Manassas.† ThinkQuest : Library. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Exactly what was taxed by the Stamp Act of 1765? Aren’t we more heavily taxed now?.† Ask questions, Find answers – Askville. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. . III, John J. Fox. â€Å"Civil War Battles.† History Net: Where History Comes Alive – World & US History Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"John Brown’s Harpers Ferry Raid.† Civil War Trust: Saving America’s Civil War Battlefields. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. . Reeves, Diane. â€Å"Lesson Plan on Similarities and Differences Between the American Revolutionary Warand the American Civil War.† ADPRIMA Education – Informa tion for new and future teachers. N.p., 21 July 1999. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"The Stamp Act.† Ventura Unified School District . N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"The contrast and compare of the American Revolution and the Civil War? – Yahoo! Answers.† Yahoo! Answers – Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. .